Santa Margarita River

The Santa Margarita River is formed by two major tributaries: Temecula Creek and Murrieta Creek. Other tributaries such as Sandia Creek, Rainbow Creek, Coahuila Creek, and De Luz Creek also flow into the river. The Santa Margarita River drains approximately 742 square miles within Riverside and San Diego counties. 

Although all rivers are important, the Santa Margarita River is unique because it is the least disturbed river system on the Southern California Coast. It is the longest free flowing river and its 27 miles of continuing riparian habitat makes it one of the highest priority rivers in both San Diego County and Southern California.

By the latter part of the 1760s, the Santa Margarita River watershed was home to nearly 100 Native American tribes. Two of those tribes, the Luiseño and Cahuilla were significant stewards of the land and water. They played an active role in managing their environment by planting many different seeds throughout the area. They also collected and processed acorns, berries, grains, and other fruits. For nearly 10,000 people, the river was an important source of food and water. Both tribes often practiced runoff prevention, erosion repair, and water conservation while maintaining their environment.

By the early 1800s, a new type of landowner began to move into the area. As Native Americans were displaced to reservations, the land became home to ranchers. These ranchers grazed sheep, horses, and cattle. During this time, the land became overgrazed, leaving exposed barren earth. Because of a severe drought and desert winds, most of the ranchers were forced to sell. The ranchers were eventually replaced by farmers. Ranching practices were replaced with orchards, vineyards, apiaries, and other agricultural operations. By the latter part of the 1800s, the Fallbrook area contained many families, and even a school district and post office. During this time, more demands were placed on the water and land in the Santa Margarita River Watershed.

Today, San Diego County is home to nearly three million people with about 90 percent of our water being imported from the Colorado River and northern California. Yet some farms and facilities still utilize water from the Santa Margarita River. In fact, most of the drinking water on the military facility of Camp Pendleton is from wells primarily recharged by this river water. Native animals and plants rely heavily on the river water for survival. Upstream, urbanization is continuing at an alarming rate. This increase in population alone has led to an increase in point and nonpoint source pollution. More than ever before, it is necessary to identify and stop storm water pollution!

                                                Last Updated: June 10, 2008